AP al dia: Resumenes comentados


¿Cuál es el valor diagnóstico de los datos clínicos sugestivos de artritis séptica? HTML PPT

La restricción de la ingesta de sal previene las enfermedades cardiovasculares en personas con prehipertensión HTML PPT

La angioplastia coronaria en pacientes con angina estable no previene el infarto ni reduce la mortalidad HTML PPT

El tratamiento combinado con tiotropio, fluticasona y salmeterol reduce los ingresos hospitalarios en la EPOC HTML PPT

La eficacia de la condroitina en el tratamiento de la artrosis es dudosa HTML PPT

Los corticoides inhalados para el tratamiento del asma durante el embarazo no aumentan el riesgo de malformaciones HTML PPT

En mujeres con cáncer de mama, la RMN aumenta la detección de tumores en la mama contralateral HTML PPT

El balance riesgo-beneficio de la mamografía de cribado ente los 40-49 años no está claro HTML PPT

La asociación de sumatriptan y naproxeno para el tratamiento de la migraña es más eficaz que cualquiera de ellos por separado HTML PPT

Un 1% de la población tiene neutropenia y es más frecuente en personas de raza negra HTML PPT

Blogs de interes: Medciclopedia



 

Dieta con alto índice de glucosa eleva riesgo de diabetes

Una dieta rica en alimentos con un alto índice de glucemia puede incrementar el riesgo para padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en mujeres de raza negra y chinas, según un estudio en Archives of Internal Medicine.

En un estudio, alrededor de 40,000 mujeres negras sin diabetes completaron cuestionarios de comidas frecuentes y fueron seguidas durante 8 años. Después del ajuste de edad e índice de masa corporal, el riesgo para DM2 se incrementaba de la misma manera que se incrementaba el índice de glucemia en los alimentos. De igual manera, el riesgo disminuía si se consumía cereal rico en fibra.

Un segundo estudio que siguió 64,000 mujeres chinas por 5 años, el índice de glucemia y la ingesta de carbohidratos (particularmente arroz) se asociaron positivamente con el desarrollo de DM2.

Los autores del primer estudio consideran que las mujeres negras pueden disminuir su riesgo de padecer diabetes si aumentan el consumo de fibra en su dieta diaria. Mientras tanto, el segundo estudio hace énfasis en las consecuencias en la salud pública de los resultados de su estudio, dado que el arroz y otros carbohidratos son el alimento básico en muchas culturas.

Estudio 1
Estudio 2

Aprobado Zyrtec para su venta sin receta

Posted: 26 Nov 2007 04:20 PM CST

La FDA aprovó que el medicamento para alergia Zyrtec (cetirizina) se venda sin receta médica para su uso tanto en niños como en adultos.

Las presentaciones de tableta y tableta masticable se podrán usar para eliviar síntomas de fiebre del heno y otras alergias respiratorias, así como urticaria, en adultos y niños mayores de 6 años. El jarabe se puede utilizar para los mismos padecimiento, y su aprovación se extiende a niños mayores de 2 años. Los efectos secundarios incluyen sueño, fatiga y boca seca.

Anteriormente, la FDA había aprovado la venta de Zyrtec-D sin receta en adultos y niños mayores de 12 años.

Alerta de la FDA

La FDA reflexiona sobre advertencias psiquiátricas en medicamentos para el resfriado común

Posted: 26 Nov 2007 04:14 PM CST

Un reporte de la FDA recomienda añadir etiquetas de advertencia acerca de posible efectos secundarios neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes que tomen la droga para influenza oseltamivir (Tamiflu) y zanamavir (Relenza)

El reporte se preparó para la reunión del Comité Asesor en Pediatría (PAC, por sus siglas en inglés) que se llevará a cabo esta semana. La FDA encontró 596 casos de eventos neuropsiquiátricos asociados con seltamivir y 115 con zanamivir. Los casos, mayormente en pacientes de 21 años de edad o menores, y más frecuente japoneses, incluyen delirio, alucinaciones, y comportamiento compulsivo, incluído el deseo de saltar. Cinco fatalidades se asociaron con el uso de oseltamivir mientras que con zanamivir no se asoció ninguna fatalidad.

La agencia aclaró que no se pudo determinar si tales padecimientos fueron debido a la enfermedad o a la medicación. Sin embargo, los reportes plantean la pregunta sobre si los eventos fueron resultado de los medicamentos inhibidores de la neuroaminidasa. Parece prudente que ambos medicamentos lleven etiqutas de precacución de alucinaciones, delirio y comportamiento anormal.

Glaxo y Roche, quienes son los fabricantes de los medicamentos, dijeron que las etiquetas son innecesarias, por que los eventos pudieron ser producto de los síntomas del resfriado común.

Reporte de la FDA

Cuestionable la seguridad de medicamentos contra el asma

Posted: 26 Nov 2007 04:01 PM CST

Un nuevo reporte de la FDA concluye que el agonista beta 2 inhalado salmeterol (comercializado con el nombre Severent y, combinado con fluticasona, Advair) puede tener un rieso-beneficio desfavorable para el tratamiento del Asma en niños.

Una revisión de eventos adversos reportados encontró 9 casos, incluyendo 5 muertes, en niños menores de 16 años en los primeros 13 meses de iniciar tratamiento con Severent.

Los efectos adversos incluyen respuesta terapéutica disminuída, sobredosis, mareo y colapso circulatorio. Ninguna de ellas se presentaba sola en niños. Se recomienda un analisis más a fondo del riesgo-beneficio del uso del medicamento.

Reporte de la FDA

Estudio SMART: salmeterol y asma A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group * From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC.More… Correspondence to: Paul M. Dorinsky, MD, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; e-mail: paul.m.dorinsky@gsk.com Abstract Study objective: To compare the safety of salmeterol xinafoate or placebo added to usual asthma care. Design: A 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, observational study. Setting: Study subjects were seen once in the study physician’s office for screening and were provided all blinded study medication for the entire study period. Follow-up by telephone was scheduled every 4 weeks. Participants: Subjects (> 12 years old) with asthma as judged by the study physician were eligible. Individuals with a history of long-acting ß2-agonist use were excluded. Interventions: Salmeterol, 42 µg bid via metered-dose inhaler (MDI), and placebo bid via MDI. Measurements and results: Following an interim analysis in 26,355 subjects, the study was terminated due to findings in African Americans and difficulties in enrollment. The occurrence of the primary outcome, respiratory-related deaths, or life-threatening experiences was low and not significantly different for salmeterol vs placebo (50 vs 36; relative risk [RR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 2.14). There was a small, significant increase in respiratory-related deaths (24 vs 11; RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.41) and asthma-related deaths (13 vs 3; RR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.34), and in combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (37 vs 22; RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. The imbalance occurred largely in the African-American subpopulation: respiratory-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (20 vs 5; RR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.54 to 10.90) and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (19 vs 4; RR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.68 to 14.45) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. Conclusions: For the primary end point in the total population, there were no significant differences between treatments. There were small, but statistically significant increases in respiratory-related and asthma-related deaths and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences in the total population receiving salmeterol. Subgroup analyses suggest the risk may be greater in African Americans compared with Caucasian subjects. Whether this risk is due to factors including but not limited to a physiologic treatment effect, genetic factors, or patient behaviors leading to poor outcomes remains unknown. Estudio SMART: The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial


The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial

A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol

Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group

* From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC. Continue reading Estudio SMART: salmeterol y asma

A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol

Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group

* From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC.More…

Correspondence to: Paul M. Dorinsky, MD, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; e-mail: paul.m.dorinsky@gsk.com

Abstract

Study objective: To compare the safety of salmeterol xinafoate or placebo added to usual asthma care.

Design: A 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, observational study.

Setting: Study subjects were seen once in the study physician’s office for screening and were provided all blinded study medication for the entire study period. Follow-up by telephone was scheduled every 4 weeks.

Participants: Subjects (> 12 years old) with asthma as judged by the study physician were eligible. Individuals with a history of long-acting ß2-agonist use were excluded.

Interventions: Salmeterol, 42 µg bid via metered-dose inhaler (MDI), and placebo bid via MDI.

Measurements and results: Following an interim analysis in 26,355 subjects, the study was terminated due to findings in African Americans and difficulties in enrollment. The occurrence of the primary outcome, respiratory-related deaths, or life-threatening experiences was low and not significantly different for salmeterol vs placebo (50 vs 36; relative risk [RR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 2.14). There was a small, significant increase in respiratory-related deaths (24 vs 11; RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.41) and asthma-related deaths (13 vs 3; RR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.34), and in combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (37 vs 22; RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. The imbalance occurred largely in the African-American subpopulation: respiratory-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (20 vs 5; RR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.54 to 10.90) and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (19 vs 4; RR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.68 to 14.45) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo.

Conclusions: For the primary end point in the total population, there were no significant differences between treatments. There were small, but statistically significant increases in respiratory-related and asthma-related deaths and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences in the total population receiving salmeterol. Subgroup analyses suggest the risk may be greater in African Americans compared with Caucasian subjects. Whether this risk is due to factors including but not limited to a physiologic treatment effect, genetic factors, or patient behaviors leading to poor outcomes remains unknown.
Estudio SMART: The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial

Estudio SMART: salmeterol y asma A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group * From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC.More… Correspondence to: Paul M. Dorinsky, MD, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; e-mail: paul.m.dorinsky@gsk.com Abstract Study objective: To compare the safety of salmeterol xinafoate or placebo added to usual asthma care. Design: A 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, observational study. Setting: Study subjects were seen once in the study physician’s office for screening and were provided all blinded study medication for the entire study period. Follow-up by telephone was scheduled every 4 weeks. Participants: Subjects (> 12 years old) with asthma as judged by the study physician were eligible. Individuals with a history of long-acting ß2-agonist use were excluded. Interventions: Salmeterol, 42 µg bid via metered-dose inhaler (MDI), and placebo bid via MDI. Measurements and results: Following an interim analysis in 26,355 subjects, the study was terminated due to findings in African Americans and difficulties in enrollment. The occurrence of the primary outcome, respiratory-related deaths, or life-threatening experiences was low and not significantly different for salmeterol vs placebo (50 vs 36; relative risk [RR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 2.14). There was a small, significant increase in respiratory-related deaths (24 vs 11; RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.41) and asthma-related deaths (13 vs 3; RR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.34), and in combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (37 vs 22; RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. The imbalance occurred largely in the African-American subpopulation: respiratory-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (20 vs 5; RR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.54 to 10.90) and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (19 vs 4; RR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.68 to 14.45) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. Conclusions: For the primary end point in the total population, there were no significant differences between treatments. There were small, but statistically significant increases in respiratory-related and asthma-related deaths and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences in the total population receiving salmeterol. Subgroup analyses suggest the risk may be greater in African Americans compared with Caucasian subjects. Whether this risk is due to factors including but not limited to a physiologic treatment effect, genetic factors, or patient behaviors leading to poor outcomes remains unknown. Estudio SMART: The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial


The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial

A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol

Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group

* From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC. Continue reading Estudio SMART: salmeterol y asma

A Comparison of Usual Pharmacotherapy for Asthma or Usual Pharmacotherapy Plus Salmeterol

Harold S. Nelson, MD; Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS; Eugene R. Bleecker, MD; Steven W. Yancey, MS; Paul M. Dorinsky, MD; the SMART Study Group

* From the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Dr. Nelson), Denver, CO; Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Dr. Weiss), Boston, MA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Dr. Bleecker), Winston Salem, NC; and GlaxoSmithKline (Mr. Yancey and Dr. Dorinsky), Research Triangle Park, NC.More…

Correspondence to: Paul M. Dorinsky, MD, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; e-mail: paul.m.dorinsky@gsk.com

Abstract

Study objective: To compare the safety of salmeterol xinafoate or placebo added to usual asthma care.

Design: A 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, observational study.

Setting: Study subjects were seen once in the study physician’s office for screening and were provided all blinded study medication for the entire study period. Follow-up by telephone was scheduled every 4 weeks.

Participants: Subjects (> 12 years old) with asthma as judged by the study physician were eligible. Individuals with a history of long-acting ß2-agonist use were excluded.

Interventions: Salmeterol, 42 µg bid via metered-dose inhaler (MDI), and placebo bid via MDI.

Measurements and results: Following an interim analysis in 26,355 subjects, the study was terminated due to findings in African Americans and difficulties in enrollment. The occurrence of the primary outcome, respiratory-related deaths, or life-threatening experiences was low and not significantly different for salmeterol vs placebo (50 vs 36; relative risk [RR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 2.14). There was a small, significant increase in respiratory-related deaths (24 vs 11; RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.41) and asthma-related deaths (13 vs 3; RR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.34), and in combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (37 vs 22; RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo. The imbalance occurred largely in the African-American subpopulation: respiratory-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (20 vs 5; RR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.54 to 10.90) and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences (19 vs 4; RR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.68 to 14.45) in subjects receiving salmeterol vs placebo.

Conclusions: For the primary end point in the total population, there were no significant differences between treatments. There were small, but statistically significant increases in respiratory-related and asthma-related deaths and combined asthma-related deaths or life-threatening experiences in the total population receiving salmeterol. Subgroup analyses suggest the risk may be greater in African Americans compared with Caucasian subjects. Whether this risk is due to factors including but not limited to a physiologic treatment effect, genetic factors, or patient behaviors leading to poor outcomes remains unknown.
Estudio SMART: The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial

Estudio SMART: opinion del Instituto Catalan de Farmacologia


El analisis de dicho estudio por el ICF puede ser visto en http://www.icf.uab.es/WebsietesDB/shortcut.asp?refid=75959